Sean Silverman is an attorney and teacher who has prepared numerous students for the MBE, both in person in New York, as well as over Skype for those located outside of New York. For an indication as to his teaching style, visit his website at http://www.mbetutorial.blogspot.com. And while there, feel free to submit a question. If interested in receiving tutoring, feel free to contact him at ssilver0210@hotmail.com.
In a previous post, I offered my advice regarding a general approach to studying for the MBE. In this post, I will review a specific concept that many students find to be difficult when preparing for the exam. The topic is character evidence in criminal cases, and the rule to consult is in article IV of the Federal Rules of Evidence.
When studying evidence, you should first ensure that you have a clear understanding of the general rules before tackling the exceptions. As such, let’s review rule 404. That rule states that evidence of a person’s character is not admissible for the purpose of proving that he acted in conformity therewith on a particular occasion.
Now, for the exceptions in criminal cases: The defendant (or accused) can present evidence of his/her own good character (provided that it is a pertinent character trait), in an effort to prove that he acted in conformity with that trait on a particular occasion. The defendant also can introduce evidence of a pertinent character trait of the alleged victim in an effort to prove that the alleged victim acted in conformity with that trait on a particular occasion. In either of these two situations, the door is open for the prosecution to offer evidence rebutting the evidence offered by the defense.
The prosecution is also able to offer character evidence of peacefulness of the alleged victim in a homicide case to rebut evidence that the alleged victim was the first aggressor.
Evidence of the character of a witness can also be introduced for impeachment purposes, but when studying these rules, it is best to keep these topics separated for practical purposes. Rules regarding impeachment can be found in Article VI of the code.
Finally, you should note that although the general rule (see above) prevents evidence from being offered for the purpose of proving that a person acted in conformity with a particular character trait, that same evidence may be admissible for other purposes such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake/accident. This rule exemplifies the importance of focusing not only upon what evidence is being presented, but WHY or for what purpose) the evidence is being presented.
I hope you’ve found this short summary to be helpful. I intend on posting further “breakdowns” in the future; so please feel free to post requests in the comments!
Copyright 2010 Sean Silverman and http://www.mbetutorial.blogspot.com. Reprinted by permission.
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